How to ensure that a soldier is well-prepared to go into battle and reduce his unnecessary burden in battle as much as possible. One of the most important aspects of this is the carrying of personal materials: not only to ensure that all the materials that must be carried are brought, but also to ensure that they do not hinder the various movements of the soldiers, and that they will not fall into pieces while running, and can take them out accurately and quickly when they want something. The realization of these functions must rely on the development of individual equipment.

It is not so easy to fully meet these requirements. Because of the limitations of economic and ideological understanding, it was not until the end of the 80s that China really began to study individual equipment. The emergence of new individual equipment marks that China's development level in this field has finally kept up with the advanced level of the West.

        Tactical vest refers to the equipment worn by certain soldiers on the outside to increase the carrying capacity of various ammunition. It is made of high-quality military grade nylon webbing and has the characteristics of wear resistance and lightweight. It can be worn on top of bulletproof vests without causing obstruction to bulletproof vests, radios, parachutes, etc. It is widely used by special forces. It should be noted that tactical vests do not have bulletproof function.

        Next, let's take a look at the first stage of China's individual carrying equipment: from 53 to 81 the original single-piece separate hanging design.

From the founding of the Red Army to the first equipment standardization reform after liberation, our army's equipment was mainly based on what was useful; The so-called individual equipment is actually the product of some simplicity and is produced and raised by each unit itself. Taking typical Red Army soldiers as an example, their individual equipment is often just rice bags, bullet bags, and grenade bags; Moreover, these bullet bags and other equipment are often not standard military products, but are made of soil made of sturdy fabrics that can be found.

This chaotic situation continued until the 50s. After all, when equipped with various international weapons at the same time, such as the M1928 Thomson submachine gun, the 38 large cover rifle, the Lee Enfield rifle, and even the Bobosha 43 submachine gun, their various equipment itself is not universal to each other; For example, kraft magazine bags, cotton belts, canvas quadruple magazine bags, etc. In fact, until the Korean War, there were still volunteer soldiers in our army who participated in the war without bullet bags, and bullets and grenades could only be scattered in their robes.

Type 56 semi-automatic rifle ammunition equipment

After the standardization reform of equipment, China's Type 53 rifle imitation of the Soviet Mosinnagant rifle began to be distributed, and the Type 53 rifle bullet bag matching the gun should be the first standard individual equipment of our army. However, this standard is only reflected in the unity of materials and styles, and it can be said that it is no different from the earthworks of the old era in terms of design level, except for the metal hooks and fixtures used for connection. Because the fixed method of the belt cover is to tie the knot with a cloth strip, it is extremely practical: if you don't pay attention to the distinction, it is easy to tie or pull it into a dead buckle. And people are always more likely to make mistakes in times of crisis, which is due to physiological laws.

For ordinary infantry, the 53 rifle as a bolt-action rifle was clearly outdated. Soon the Type 56 semi-automatic rifle and Type 56 submachine gun began to be installed, and the individual equipment was also updated. The basic structure of the Type 56 semi-automatic rifle is the same as that of the Type 53, but the fixing method has been changed from a cloth knot to a buckle type, which greatly improves the convenience and reliability of use. The Type 56 submachine gun is an ammunition loading that imitates the AK47 rifle, with three magazine pockets in the middle and two small pouches on each side for carrying handleless grenades. Since China has been using wooden-handled grenades, these four pouches have been used as debris bags for a long time.

   Type 81 ammunition equipment  

From the Type 53 to the Type 56 submachine gun ammunition equipment, the structure is a typical chest mount design, relying on shoulder straps and belts to complete the fixation, and this basic idea continued until the early 90s. The later Type 81 equipment was only based on the Type 56 submachine gun equipment, canceling 2 small miscellaneous bags and adding a magazine bag to the extra space; Enables the rifleman to carry up to 150 rounds of ammunition at a time (including a magazine on the gun).

Tuqiang also has a Type 81 bullet bag, which has changed from the equipment bag shown above, Tuqiang has replaced the buckle type on the bag lid with a buckle, which is more convenient to put and take.

     TSG-1004  Type 81 automatic rifle bullet bag

In addition, Tuqiang also has some relatively simple bullet bags, such as a timeless digital camouflage bullet bag. As shown below:

  TSG-1003   Digital camouflage bullet bag

Due to the backwardness of the industrial level and the wrong judgment of the world situation, a large number of wooden-handled fire pipe grenades with low power, extremely poor reliability and safety, and large weight and volume have been produced in China. Since this grenade cannot fit into the ammunition equipment of the Type 56 submachine gun, my country is equipped with four grenade bags for arming; This diagonal pouch is used independently and is also secured by a shoulder strap and a waist belt. The design similar to the grenade bag, from the Type 50 kettle bag to the Type 78 kettle bag, is also used independently, and the shoulder strap is suspended.

That is the factor that has not yet intervened in ergonomics and systems engineering; Just make a canvas bag with a suitable shape, and then add a shoulder strap that can be hung on the soldier's body. Some larger items, even without designing equipment, are directly tied up and carried with shoulder straps: for example, the bedding is tied with backrest straps for three horizontal and two vertical bundles.

In the end, grenade bags, satchels, chest-mounted ammunition equipment, gas mask bags, water bottles, backpacks, firearms and other items accumulated, and the various shoulder straps hung on the shoulders of a soldier could reach more than a dozen. Not only do you have to hang many items on your body in a hurry before departure, which is very easy to miss items or hang them in the wrong order, causing inconvenience in use; Moreover, the distribution of the load is extremely unreasonable, and the soldier's shoulders are easily damaged by fatigue and rapid loss of physical strength. Due to the scattering of items and lack of fixation, they collide with each other and squeeze each other in motion, causing obvious noises, which is not conducive to concealment; And it is also equivalent to not conducive to the development of soldiers' tactical actions.

 Type 63 automatic rifle ammunition load

In the historical stage of our army's equipment has always been in a single piece of sub-hanging, the only thing worthy of praise is the Type 63 automatic rifle ammunition equipment. It is fixed on the chest with a metal buckle that can be quickly fixed and detached; It is very easy to put on and take off, and can be done quickly with one hand even after an injury. on the other hand, it has designed an integrated four-link wooden-handled grenade magazine according to the actual situation of our country to avoid the trouble of carrying additional grenade bags. And whether it is a magazine bag or a grenade bag, the fixing method of their upper cover is a quick-pull structure, as long as the cloth strip is pulled out, the reaction speed is very fast, even compared with the Western equipment of the same period, the Type 63 equipment is quite remarkable.

With the withdrawal of the Type 63 automatic rifle, which had major flaws in design and manufacturing, the Type 63 ammunition equipment also disappeared. It is extremely regrettable that this design, which is deliberately said to be the first combined equipment of our army, did not carry over to the Type 81 rifle ammunition equipment. Compared with the Type 63 loadout, which has a well-designed, functional, and very good tactical performance, the Type 81 rig that copied the Type 56 submachine gun rig is completely the product of a significant historical regression.